Frequency of Retinopathy and its Different Grades among Type II Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the frequency of retinopathy and its different grades
among type II diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome
Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of
Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from March 2011 to August 2011.
Through a Descriptive Cross Sectional Study Design, a total of 201 patients with
diabetes mellitus having metabolic syndrome were selected in a consecutive
manner from the OPD and fundoscopy was performed to detect and grade
diabetic retinopathy and results were recorded.
Results: The mean age of patients was 39 ± 12.2 years with 54.7% female and
45.3% male gender. On fundoscopy, diabetic retinopathy was found in 35
(17.4%) of patients with most of the patients with retinopathy lying in older age
group i.e. 34.6% in the age group 60+ years and 20% in the age group 50-59
years. On grading of diabetic retinopathy, 40% were in the mild to moderate non
proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, 37.1% in the severe non
proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group and 22.9% were in the
proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group.
Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is a common sequalae of diabetes in patients
with metabolic syndrome with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy more
common than proliferative diabetic retinopathy. It necessitates regular follow up
of these patients to prevent development of proliferative disease and its
complications. More studies are recommended before making recommendations
for modifications in principles of its management.
Key Words: Frequency, Metabolic Syndrome, Retinopathy