Orbitofacial Anthropometry in a Pakistani Population

Abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate the anthropometric variations in head circumference,
inner and outer canthal distances and interpupillary distance in Pakistani
population.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of study: The data was collected for a period of three
months from August 2015 to October 2015 at the OPD of the Dow University of
Health Science, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Material and Methods: A total of 500 patients were recruited from an Outpatient
Ophthalmology department of Dow University of Health Science, Dow
International Medical University. ICD(inter canthal distance) was measured
between the medial angles of the palpebral fissures and the OCD(outer canthal
distance) from the lateral canthus of each eye using a metal rule .The head
circumference was measured using an inch tape and the IPD(inter pupillary
distance) was measured using an autorefractrometer. Each of the measurements
were done twice to the nearest 0.5 mm by two different researchers and an
average was taken of these two measurements.
Results: Total 500 subjects were used. Males were 227 (45.4%) and female were
little more 273 (54.6%). The mean values for the parameters measured are as
following: Head Circumference (Mean: 55.0cm ± 1.8cm), Inner canthal distance
(Mean: 3.4cm ± 0.4cm), Outer canthal distance (Mean: 10.7cm ± 3.9cm), Inter
pupillary distance (Mean: 61.4mm ± 4.3mm). Overall there is no mean difference
found by gender or age group separately except difference in age groups for Inter
pupillary distance.
Conclusion: This study shows that anthropometric variations for head
circumference, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance and the
interpupillary distance are seen with age and gender. Standard baseline values
should be defined for these parameters and these should be considered when
classifying a patient with hypertelorism, hypotelorism or telecanthus or when
planning an orbital surgery.
Keywords: Anthropometry, inner canthal distance (ICD), outer canthal distance
(OCD), interpupillary distance (IPD) and head circumference (HC).